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Perhaps this book will be understood only by someone who has himself already had the thoughts that are expressed in it-or at least similar thoughts.
-So it is not a textbook.
-Its purpose would be achieved if it gave pleasure to one person who read and understood it.
The book deals with the problems of philosophy, and shows, I believe, that the reason why these problems are posed is that the logic of our language is mis-understood. The whole sense...
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Written by a creative master of mathematical logic, this introductory text combines stories of great philosophers, quotations, and riddles with the fundamentals of mathematical logic. Author Raymond Smullyan offers clear, incremental presentations of difficult logic concepts. He highlights each subject with inventive explanations and unique problems. Smullyan's accessible narrative provides memorable examples of concepts related to proofs, propositional...
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Geared toward college undergraduates new to the subject, this concise introduction to formal logic was written by Alice Ambrose and Morris Lazerowitz, a pair of noted scholars and prolific authors in this field. A preliminary section opens the subject under the heading of truth-functions. Two subsequent parts on quantification and classes, each subdivided into numerous brief specifics, complete the overview. Suitable for students of philosophy as...
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This book identifies eight key mechanisms that can transform a set of ideas into a psychological flytrap. The author suggests that, like the black holes of outer space, from which nothing, not even light, can escape, our contemporary cultural landscape contains numerous intellectual black-holes-belief systems constructed in such a way that unwary passers-by can similarly find themselves drawn in. While such self-sealing bubbles of belief will most...
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Very short introductions volume 29
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"Logic is often perceived as having little to do with the rest of philosophy, and even less to do with real life. In this lively and accessible introduction, Graham Priest shows how wrong this conception is. He explores the philosophical roots of the subject, explaining how modern formal logic deals with issues ranging from the existence of God and the reality of time to paradoxes of probability and decision theory. Along the way, the basics of formal...
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Category theory has provided the foundations for many of the twentieth century's greatest advances in pure mathematics. This concise, original text for a one-semester course on the subject is derived from courses that author Emily Riehl taught at Harvard and Johns Hopkins Universities. The treatment introduces the essential concepts of category theory: categories, functors, natural transformations, the Yoneda lemma, limits and colimits, adjunctions,...
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Mathematical induction -- along with its equivalents, complete induction and well-ordering, and its immediate consequence, the pigeonhole principle -- constitute essential proof techniques. Every mathematician is familiar with mathematical induction, and every student of mathematics requires a grasp of its concepts. This volume provides an introduction and a thorough exposure to these proof techniques. Geared toward students of mathematics at all...
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"No fictional character is more renowned for his powers of thought and observation than Sherlock Holmes. But is his extraordinary intellect merely a gift of fiction, or can we learn to cultivate these abilities ourselves, to improve our lives at work and at home? We can, says psychologist and journalist Maria Konnikova, and in Mastermind she shows us how. Beginning with the "brain attic"--Holmes's metaphor for how we store information and organize...
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This enlightening survey of mathematical concept formation holds a natural appeal to philosophically minded readers, and no formal training in mathematics is necessary to appreciate its clear exposition of mathematic fundamentals. Rather than a system of theorems with completely developed proofs or examples of applications, readers will encounter a coherent presentation of mathematical ideas that begins with the natural numbers and basic laws of arithmetic...
10) Algebraic Logic
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Beginning with an introduction to the concepts of algebraic logic, this concise volume features ten articles by a prominent mathematician that originally appeared in journals from 1954 to 1959. Covering monadic and polyadic algebras, these articles are essentially self-contained and accessible to a general mathematical audience, requiring no specialized knowledge of algebra or logic. Part One addresses monadic algebras, with articles on general theory,...
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"Narrative was divorced from philosophy in 375 BCE when Plato warned that it triggered passions and irrationality, and ever since it has been considered as rhetoric-it enhanced communication rather than thinking. Today, AI researchers define all types of intelligent thought-deduction, invention, problem-solving-as forms of logic. Logic is the source of mathematics, analytic philosophy, and other branches of truth-seeking; causal thinking is the source...
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"One way to build memory skills is to keep putting them to the test. By completing the puzzles in this book, readers will not only build their memories, but also work on key concepts related to problem-solving, comprehension, and deduction. Each brainteaser presents a problem or question that encourages readers to use their memories to find a solution or an answer. Colorful illustrations accompany the accessible text, making for a volume sure to be...
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"Why do we routinely choose options that don’t meet our short-term needs and undermine our long-term goals? Why do we willingly expose ourselves to temptations that undercut our hard-fought progress to overcome addictions? Why are we prone to assigning meaning to statistically common coincidences? Why do we insist we’re right even when evidence contradicts us? In What Makes Your Brain Happy and Why You Should Do the Opposite, science writer David...
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'Logic puzzles are an excellent way to exercise the brain. Readers of this engaging book put their logic abilities to the test with a series of exciting activities designed to develop a key set of skills. Vibrant illustrations make each brainteaser fun to work on, while age-appropriate text encourages developing readers to try their hand at these stimulating and challenging tasks. Helpful tips and clues make for puzzles that can be solved by readers...
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"Dan Ariely is a genius at understanding human behavior: no economist does a better job of uncovering and explaining the hidden reasons for the weird ways we act." - James Surowiecki, author of The Wisdom of Crowds Behavioral economist and New York Times bestselling author of Predictably Irrational Dan Ariely returns to offer a much-needed take on the irrational decisions that influence our dating lives, our workplace experiences, and our temptation...
17) Good thinking: why flawed logic puts us all at risk and how critical thinking can save the world
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"A guide to identifying seductive and destructive bad logic, providing cognitive tools for dismantling dangerous conspiracy theories and common misconceptions"--
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Over the millennia, the great thinkers of the world have sought to come up with rules for how to live better lives, how to govern better and how to understand the world around us. As they have written down their thoughts, they have discovered laws and techniques that can help further advance human thought and explain why the world is the way it is today. This fascinating introduction to the world of philosophy is replete with full-colour diagrams...
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"In a world where fake news stories change election outcomes, has rationality become futile? In The Art of Logic in an Illogical World, Eugenia Cheng throws a lifeline to readers drowning in the illogic of contemporary life. Cheng is a mathematician, so she knows how to make an airtight argument. But even for her, logic sometimes falls prey to emotion, which is why she still fears flying and eats more cookies than she should. If a mathematician can't...
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All the characters in these puzzles make clear statements about themselves and others, but it is not clear whether or not they are telling the truth. Anyone could be lying. As always, a good logical puzzle is one which it is possible to unravel by thinking logically. The problem is to decide which person to believe.
Altogether there are 85 original puzzles in this book ranging in standard from fairly easy to quite demanding. There are also some curious...
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